LEONARDO DA VINCI 1452-1519

Leonardo da VINCI Vinci, 1452–Amboise, 1519 Left-hand page: Ornamental Motifs Right-hand page: Head of a Dog, Study of Proportions Red chalk, partially reworked with pen and brown ink About 1497–1499 Institut de France, Paris, Manuscript I, fol. 47v–48r 106 107 Leonardo da VINCI Vinci, 1452–Amboise, 1519 Ornithology and Fluid Mechanics; the Flight of Birds with and against the Wind Pen and brown ink About 1513–1514 Leonardo’s ornithological studies are remarkably modern in that they explore the kinematics (motion) of bird flight in relation to the physical parameters of the wind – in this case, the upward currents caused by the presence of cliffs at the sea’s edge. Institut de France, Paris, Manuscript E, fol. 42v–43r