LEONARDO DA VINCI 1452-1519

Leonardo da VINCI Vinci, 1452–Amboise, 1519 Fluid Mechanics Left-hand page: Water Gushing from a Duct; Turbulence inside a Pipe Right-hand page: Turbulence Caused by Different Obstacles on Fluid Flow Pen and brown ink About 1508 These two famous pages from Manuscript F show the forms water takes as it gushes from a duct and the turbulence created when its flow is blocked by an obstacle. In the text, Leonardo attempts to define the observed phenomenon by giving it a name; with the term panniculata, he compares the configuration of the fluid to the structure of a draped fabric. Institut de France, Paris, Manuscript F, fol. 47–48 r 0 98